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Friday, June 29, 2012

Hierarchy of Decimal Numbers


Number
Name
How many
0zero 
1one
2two 
3three  
4four   
5five    
6six     
7seven      
8eight       
9nine        
10ten         
20twentytwo tens
30thirtythree tens
40fortyfour tens
50fiftyfive tens
60sixtysix tens
70seventyseven tens
80eightyeight tens
90ninetynine tens


NumberNameHow Many
100one hundredten tens
1,000one thousandten hundreds
10,000ten thousandten thousands
100,000one hundred thousandone hundred thousands
1,000,000one millionone thousand thousands
Some people use a comma to mark every 3 digits. It just keeps track of the digits and makes the numbers easier to read.
Beyond a million, the names of the numbers differ depending where you live. The places are grouped by thousands in America and France, by the millions in Great Britain and Germany.
NameAmerican-FrenchEnglish-German
million1,000,0001,000,000
billion1,000,000,000 (a thousand millions)1,000,000,000,000 (a million millions)
trillion1 with 12 zeros1 with 18 zeros
quadrillion1 with 15 zeros1 with 24 zeros
quintillion1 with 18 zeros1 with 30 zeros
sextillion1 with 21 zeros1 with 36 zeros
septillion1 with 24 zeros1 with 42 zeros
octillion1 with 27 zeros1 with 48 zeros
googol
1 with 100 zeros
googolplex
1 with a googol of zeros
FractionsDigits to the right of the decimal point represent the fractional part of the decimal number. Each place value has a value that is one tenth the value to the immediate left of it.
NumberNameFraction
.1tenth1/10
.01hundredth1/100
.001thousandth1/1000
.0001ten thousandth1/10000
.00001hundred thousandth1/100000
Examples:
0.234 = 234/1000 (said - point 2 3 4, or 234 thousandths, or two hundred thirty four thousandths)
4.83 = 4 83/100 (said - 4 point 8 3, or 4 and 83 hundredths)
SI Prefixes
NumberPrefixSymbol
10 1deka-da
10 2hecto-h
10 3kilo-k
10 6mega-M
10 9giga-G
10 12tera-T
10 15peta-P
10 18exa-E
10 21zeta-Z
10 24yotta-Y
NumberPrefixSymbol
10 -1deci-d
10 -2centi-c
10 -3milli-m
10 -6micro-u (greek mu)
10 -9nano-n
10 -12pico-p
10 -15femto-f
10 -18atto-a
10 -21zepto-z
10 -24yocto-y

Roman Numerals
I=1 (I with a bar is not used)
V=5 _
V=5,000
X=10 _
X=10,000
L=50 _
L=50,000
C=100 _
C = 100 000
D=500 _
D=500,000
M=1,000 _
M=1,000,000
1 = I

2 = II

3 = III

4 = IV

5 = V

6 = VI

7 = VII

8 = VIII

9 = IX

10 = X
11 = XI

12 = XII

13 = XIII

14 = XIV

15 = XV

16 = XVI

17 = XVII

18 = XVIII

19 = XIX

20 = XX

21 = XXI
25 = XXV

30 = XXX

40 = XL

49 = XLIX

50 = L

51 = LI

60 = LX

70 = LXX

80 = LXXX

90 = XC

99 = XCIX

There is no zero in the roman numeral system.
The numbers are built starting from the largest number on the left, and adding smaller numbers to the right. All the numerals are then added together.
The exception is the subtracted numerals, if a numeral is before a larger numeral, you subtract the first numeral from the second. That is, IX is 10 - 1= 9.
This only works for one small numeral before one larger numeral - for example, IIX is not 8, it is not a recognized roman numeral.
There is no place value in this system - the number III is 3, not 111.
Number Base Systems
Decimal(10)
Binary(2)
Ternary(3)
Octal(8)
Hexadecimal(16)
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2
10
2
2
2
3
11
10
3
3
4
100
11
4
4
5
101
12
5
5
6
110
20
6
6
7
111
21
7
7
8
1000
22
10
8
9
1001
100
11
9
10
1010
101
12
A
11
1011
102
13
B
12
1100
110
14
C
13
1101
111
15
D
14
1110
112
16
E
15
1111
120
17
F
16
10000
121
20
10
17
10001
122
21
11
18
10010
200
22
12
19
10011
201
23
13
20
10100
202
24
14
Each digit can only count up to the value of one less than the base. In hexadecimal, the letters A - F are used to represent the digits 10 - 15, so they would only use one character.

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